diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Lua.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Lua.java
index f4926208..fb34f027 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Lua.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Lua.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public class Lua {
 	
 	/** use return values from previous op */
 	public static final int LUA_MULTRET = -1;
-	
+
 	// from lopcodes.h
 
 	/*===========================================================================
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaClosure.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaClosure.java
index 7e6ac141..c38a32b4 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaClosure.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaClosure.java
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ import org.luaj.vm2.lib.DebugLib;
  * Since a {@link LuaClosure} is a {@link LuaFunction} which is a {@link LuaValue}, 
  * all the value operations can be used directly such as:
  * <ul>
- * <li>{@link LuaValue#setfenv(LuaValue)}</li>
  * <li>{@link LuaValue#call()}</li>
  * <li>{@link LuaValue#call(LuaValue)}</li>
  * <li>{@link LuaValue#invoke()}</li>
@@ -90,24 +89,28 @@ public class LuaClosure extends LuaFunction {
 	private static final UpValue[] NOUPVALUES = new UpValue[0];
 	
 	public final Prototype p;
-	public final UpValue[] upValues;
 	
-	LuaClosure() {
-		p = null;
-		upValues = null;
+	/** Create a closure around a Prototype with the default global environment.
+	 * If the prototype has upvalues, the environment will be written into the first upvalue.
+	 * @param p the Prototype to construct this Closure for. 
+	 * @param env the environment to associate with the closure.
+	 */
+	public LuaClosure(Prototype p) {
+		this(p, LuaValue._G);
 	}
-	/** Supply the initial environment */
+	
+	/** Create a closure around a Prototype with a specific environment.
+	 * If the prototype has upvalues, the environment will be written into the first upvalue.
+	 * @param p the Prototype to construct this Closure for. 
+	 * @param env the environment to associate with the closure.
+	 */
 	public LuaClosure(Prototype p, LuaValue env) {
-		this(p, p.upvalues.length, env);
-	}
-	
-	protected LuaClosure(Prototype p, int nupvalues, LuaValue env) {
-		super( env );
 		this.p = p;
-		switch (nupvalues) {
-		case 0: this.upValues = NOUPVALUES; break;
-		case 1: this.upValues = new UpValue[] { new UpValue(new LuaValue[1], 0) }; this.upValues[0].setValue(env); break;
-		default: this.upValues = new UpValue[nupvalues]; break;
+		if (p.upvalues == null || p.upvalues.length == 0)
+			this.upValues = NOUPVALUES;
+		else {
+			this.upValues = new UpValue[p.upvalues.length];
+			this.upValues[0] = new UpValue(new LuaValue[] {env}, 0);
 		}
 	}
 	
@@ -463,7 +466,7 @@ public class LuaClosure extends LuaFunction {
 				case Lua.OP_CLOSURE: /*	A Bx	R(A):= closure(KPROTO[Bx])	*/
 					{
 						Prototype newp = p.p[i>>>14];
-						LuaClosure ncl = new LuaClosure(newp, env);
+						LuaClosure ncl = new LuaClosure(newp);
 						Upvaldesc[] uv = newp.upvalues;
 						for ( int j=0, nup=uv.length; j<nup; ++j ) {
 							if (uv[j].instack)  /* upvalue refes to local variable? */
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaFunction.java
index 5a4f1146..541c63fc 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaFunction.java
@@ -38,16 +38,8 @@ public class LuaFunction extends LuaValue {
 	/** Shared static metatable for all functions and closures. */
 	public static LuaValue s_metatable;
 
-	protected LuaValue env;
+	public UpValue[] upValues;
 	
-	public LuaFunction() {
-		this.env = NIL;
-	}
-	
-	public LuaFunction(LuaValue env) {
-		this.env = env;
-	}
-
 	public int type() {
 		return TFUNCTION;
 	}
@@ -71,12 +63,9 @@ public class LuaFunction extends LuaValue {
 	public LuaValue getmetatable() { 
 		return s_metatable; 
 	}
-	
-	public LuaValue getfenv() {
-		return env;
-	}
 
-	public void setfenv(LuaValue env) {
-		this.env = env!=null? env: NIL;
+	public void initupvalue1(LuaValue env) {
+		if (upValues != null && upValues.length > 0)
+			upValues[0] = new UpValue(new LuaValue[] {env}, 0);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaThread.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaThread.java
index e62c16b3..73cd0684 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaThread.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaThread.java
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ public class LuaThread extends LuaValue {
 		"normal", 
 		"dead",};
 	
-	private LuaValue env;
 	private final State state;
 
 	/** Field to hold state of error condition during debug hook function calls. */
@@ -112,11 +111,9 @@ public class LuaThread extends LuaValue {
 	/** 
 	 * Create a LuaThread around a function and environment
 	 * @param func The function to execute
-	 * @param env The environment to apply to the thread
 	 */
-	public LuaThread(LuaValue func, LuaValue env) {	
+	public LuaThread(LuaValue func) {	
 		LuaValue.assert_(func != null, "function cannot be null");
-		this.env = env;
 		state = new State(this, func);
 	}
 	
@@ -144,14 +141,6 @@ public class LuaThread extends LuaValue {
 		return s_metatable; 
 	}
 	
-	public LuaValue getfenv() {
-		return env;
-	}
-	
-	public void setfenv(LuaValue env) {
-		this.env = env;
-	}
-
 	public String getStatus() {
 		return STATUS_NAMES[state.status];
 	}
@@ -171,24 +160,6 @@ public class LuaThread extends LuaValue {
 	public static boolean isMainThread(LuaThread r) {		
 		return r == main_thread;
 	}
-	
-	/** 
-	 * Set the globals of the current thread.
-	 * <p>
-	 * This must be done once before any other code executes.
-	 * @param globals The global variables for the main ghread. 
-	 */
-	public static void setGlobals(LuaValue globals) {
-		running_thread.env = globals;
-	}
-	
-	/** Get the current thread's environment 
-	 * @return {@link LuaValue} containing the global variables of the current thread.
-	 */
-	public static LuaValue getGlobals() {
-		LuaValue e = running_thread.env;
-		return e!=null? e: LuaValue.error("LuaThread.setGlobals() not initialized");
-	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Callback used at the beginning of a call to prepare for possible getfenv/setfenv calls
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaValue.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaValue.java
index 0f979644..960e711b 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaValue.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/LuaValue.java
@@ -109,7 +109,11 @@ package org.luaj.vm2;
  */
 abstract
 public class LuaValue extends Varargs {
-
+	/** The default global environment.  This must be set before lua can be used. 
+	 * Typically, it is set as a side effect of calling one of 
+	 * JsePlatform.standardGlobals() or similar functions.
+	 */
+	public static LuaValue _G;
 	
 	/** Type enumeration constant for lua numbers that are ints, for compatibility with lua 5.1 number patch only */
 	public static final int TINT            = (-2);
@@ -1351,13 +1355,23 @@ public class LuaValue extends Varargs {
 	public Varargs inext(LuaValue index) { return typerror("table"); }
 	
 	/** 
-	 * Load a library instance by setting its environment to {@code this} 
+	 * Load a library instance by setting its environment to the global environment {@code LuaValue._G} 
 	 * and calling it, which should iniitalize the library instance and 
 	 * install itself into this instance. 
 	 * @param library The callable {@link LuaValue} to load into {@code this}
+	 * @return {@link LuaValue._G} containing the result of the initialization call.
+	 */
+	public LuaValue load(LuaValue library) { return load(library, _G); }
+
+	/** 
+	 * Load a library instance by setting its environment to {@code env} 
+	 * and calling it, which should iniitalize the library instance and 
+	 * install itself into this instance. 
+	 * @param library The callable {@link LuaValue} to load into {@code this}
+	 * @param env The {@link LuaValue} to use as the environment for the library.
 	 * @return {@link LuaValue} containing the result of the initialization call.
 	 */
-	public LuaValue load(LuaValue library) { library.setfenv(this); return library.call(); }
+	public LuaValue load(LuaValue library, LuaValue env) { return library.call(env); }
 
 	// varargs references
 	public LuaValue arg(int index) { return index==1? this: NIL; }
@@ -1393,26 +1407,7 @@ public class LuaValue extends Varargs {
 	 * @see LuaThread#s_metatable
 	 */
 	public LuaValue setmetatable(LuaValue metatable) { return argerror("table"); }
-	
-	/**
-	 * Get the environemnt for an instance. 
-	 * @return {@link LuaValue} currently set as the instances environent. 
-	 */
-	public LuaValue getfenv() { typerror("function or thread"); return null; }
-	
-	/**
-	 * Set the environment on an object.
-	 * <p>
-	 * Typically the environment is created once per application via a platform
-	 * helper method such as {@link org.luaj.vm2.lib.jse.JsePlatform#standardGlobals()}
-	 * However, any object can serve as an environment if it contains suitable metatag
-	 * values to implement {@link #get(LuaValue)} to provide the environment values.   
-	 * @param env {@link LuaValue} (typically a {@link LuaTable}) containing the environment.
-	 * @see org.luaj.vm2.lib.jme.JmePlatform
-	 * @see org.luaj.vm2.lib.jse.JsePlatform
-	 */
-	public void setfenv(LuaValue env) { typerror("function or thread"); }
-		
+			
 	/** Call {@link this} with 0 arguments, including metatag processing, 
 	 * and return only the first return value.
 	 * <p>
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Prototype.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Prototype.java
index 8112da3e..79daa564 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Prototype.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/Prototype.java
@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ public class Prototype {
 	public int is_vararg;
 	public int maxstacksize;
 
+
+	public Prototype() {}
+	
+	public Prototype(int n_upvalues) {
+		upvalues = new Upvaldesc[n_upvalues];
+	}
 	
 	public String toString() {
 		return source + ":" + linedefined+"-"+lastlinedefined;
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/BaseLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/BaseLib.java
index cbe9593d..9a9a472f 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/BaseLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/BaseLib.java
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public class BaseLib extends OneArgFunction implements ResourceFinder {
 		instance = this;
 	}
 	
-	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
+	public LuaValue call(LuaValue env) {
 		env.set( "_G", env );
 		env.set( "_VERSION", Lua._VERSION );
 		bind( env, BaseLib1.class, LIB1_KEYS );
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ public class BaseLib extends OneArgFunction implements ResourceFinder {
 				args.argcheck(args.isstring(1) || args.isnil(1), 1, "filename must be string or nil");
 				String filename = args.isstring(1)? args.tojstring(1): null;
 				Varargs v = filename == null? 
-						BaseLib.loadStream( baselib.STDIN, "=stdin", "bt", LuaThread.getGlobals() ):
-						BaseLib.loadFile( args.checkjstring(1), "bt", LuaThread.getGlobals() );
+						BaseLib.loadStream( baselib.STDIN, "=stdin", "bt",LuaValue._G ):
+						BaseLib.loadFile( args.checkjstring(1), "bt",LuaValue._G );
 				return v.isnil(1)? error(v.tojstring(2)): v.arg1().invoke();
 			}
 			case 2: // "load", // ( ld [, source [, mode [, env]]] ) -> chunk | nil, msg
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public class BaseLib extends OneArgFunction implements ResourceFinder {
 				args.argcheck(ld.isstring() || ld.isfunction(), 1, "ld must be string or function");
 				String source = args.optjstring(2, ld.isstring()? ld.tojstring(): "=(load)");
 				String mode = args.optjstring(3, "bt");
-				LuaValue env = args.optvalue(4, LuaThread.getGlobals());
+				LuaValue env = args.optvalue(4,LuaValue._G);
 				return BaseLib.loadStream(ld.isstring()? ld.strvalue().toInputStream(): 
 					new StringInputStream(ld.checkfunction()), source, mode, env);
 			}
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ public class BaseLib extends OneArgFunction implements ResourceFinder {
 				args.argcheck(args.isstring(1) || args.isnil(1), 1, "filename must be string or nil");
 				String filename = args.isstring(1)? args.tojstring(1): null;
 				String mode = args.optjstring(2, "bt");
-				LuaValue env = args.optvalue(3, LuaThread.getGlobals());
+				LuaValue env = args.optvalue(3,LuaValue._G);
 				return filename == null? 
 					BaseLib.loadStream( baselib.STDIN, "=stdin", mode, env ):
 					BaseLib.loadFile( filename, mode, env );
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ public class BaseLib extends OneArgFunction implements ResourceFinder {
 			}
 			case 6: // "print", // (...) -> void
 			{
-				LuaValue tostring = LuaThread.getGlobals().get("tostring"); 
+				LuaValue tostring =LuaValue._G.get("tostring"); 
 				for ( int i=1, n=args.narg(); i<=n; i++ ) {
 					if ( i>1 ) baselib.STDOUT.write( '\t' );
 					LuaString s = tostring.call( args.arg(i) ).strvalue();
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/CoroutineLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/CoroutineLib.java
index 3d464a62..98914051 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/CoroutineLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/CoroutineLib.java
@@ -65,10 +65,16 @@ public class CoroutineLib extends VarArgFunction {
 	private static final int WRAP    = 6;
 	private static final int WRAPPED = 7;
 	
+	private LuaThread t;
+	
 	public CoroutineLib() {
 	}
 
-	private LuaTable init() {
+	private CoroutineLib(LuaThread t) {
+		this.t = t;
+	}
+	
+	private LuaTable init(LuaValue env) {
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
 		bind(t, CoroutineLib.class, new  String[] {
 			"create", "resume", "running", "status", "yield", "wrap" },
@@ -81,11 +87,11 @@ public class CoroutineLib extends VarArgFunction {
 	public Varargs invoke(Varargs args) {
 		switch ( opcode ) {
 			case INIT: {
-				return init();
+				return init(args.arg1());
 			}
 			case CREATE: {
 				final LuaValue func = args.checkfunction(1);
-				return new LuaThread(func, LuaThread.getGlobals() );
+				return new LuaThread(func);
 			}
 			case RESUME: {
 				final LuaThread t = args.checkthread(1);
@@ -103,15 +109,13 @@ public class CoroutineLib extends VarArgFunction {
 			}
 			case WRAP: {
 				final LuaValue func = args.checkfunction(1);
-				final LuaThread thread = new LuaThread(func, func.getfenv());
-				CoroutineLib cl = new CoroutineLib();
-				cl.setfenv(thread);
+				final LuaThread thread = new LuaThread(func);
+				CoroutineLib cl = new CoroutineLib(thread);
 				cl.name = "wrapped";
 				cl.opcode = WRAPPED;
 				return cl;
 			}
 			case WRAPPED: {
-				final LuaThread t = (LuaThread) env;
 				final Varargs result = t.resume( args );
 				if ( result.arg1().toboolean() ) {
 					return result.subargs(2);
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/DebugLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/DebugLib.java
index 1b423e8c..f07a9d93 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/DebugLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/DebugLib.java
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public class DebugLib extends VarArgFunction {
 	public DebugLib() {
 	}
 	
-	private LuaTable init() {
+	private LuaTable init(LuaValue env) {
 		DEBUG_ENABLED = true;
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
 		bind(t, DebugLib.class, NAMES, DEBUG);
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public class DebugLib extends VarArgFunction {
 	
 	public Varargs invoke(Varargs args) {
 		switch ( opcode ) {
-		case INIT:         return init();
+		case INIT:         return init(args.arg1());
 		case DEBUG:        return _debug(args);
 		case GETHOOK:      return _gethook(args);
 		case GETINFO:      return _getinfo(args,this);
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/IoLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/IoLib.java
index 0afa7fe5..2e4a50cc 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/IoLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/IoLib.java
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ public class IoLib extends OneArgFunction {
 	public IoLib() {
 	}
 	
-	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
+	public LuaValue call(LuaValue env) {
 		
 		// io lib functions
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
@@ -248,12 +248,13 @@ public class IoLib extends OneArgFunction {
 	}
 	
 	static final class IoLibV extends VarArgFunction {
+		private File f;
 		public IoLib iolib;
 		public IoLibV() {
 		}
-		public IoLibV(LuaValue env, String name, int opcode, IoLib iolib) {
+		public IoLibV(File f, String name, int opcode, IoLib iolib) {
 			super();
-			this.env = env;
+			this.f = f;
 			this.name = name;
 			this.opcode = opcode;
 			this.iolib = iolib;
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ public class IoLib extends OneArgFunction {
 				case FILE_WRITE:	return iolib._file_write(args.arg1(),args.subargs(2));
 
 				case IO_INDEX:		return iolib._io_index(args.arg(2));
-				case LINES_ITER:	return iolib._lines_iter(env);
+				case LINES_ITER:	return iolib._lines_iter(f);
 				}
 			} catch ( IOException ioe ) {
 				return errorresult(ioe);
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/LibFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/LibFunction.java
index bed23e7e..0d72ab17 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/LibFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/LibFunction.java
@@ -169,7 +169,6 @@ abstract public class LibFunction extends LuaFunction {
 				LibFunction f = (LibFunction) factory.newInstance();
 				f.opcode = firstopcode + i;
 				f.name = names[i];
-				f.env = env;
 				env.set(f.name, f);
 			}
 		} catch ( Exception e ) {
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/MathLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/MathLib.java
index e55b5b40..d2e31327 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/MathLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/MathLib.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public class MathLib extends OneArgFunction {
 		MATHLIB = this;
 	}
 
-	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
+	public LuaValue call(LuaValue env) {
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable(0,30);
 		t.set( "pi", Math.PI );
 		t.set( "huge", LuaDouble.POSINF );
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OneArgFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OneArgFunction.java
index 9c99d30d..e175fd33 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OneArgFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OneArgFunction.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ abstract public class OneArgFunction extends LibFunction {
 	 * @param env The environment to apply during constructon.
 	 */
 	public OneArgFunction( LuaValue env ) {
-		this.env = env;
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot supply env to constructor");
 	}
 	
 	public final LuaValue call() {
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OsLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OsLib.java
index de3da2c5..15e46a0e 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OsLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/OsLib.java
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ public class OsLib extends VarArgFunction {
 	public OsLib() {
 	}
 
-	public LuaValue init() {
+	public LuaValue init(LuaValue env) {
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
 		bind(t, this.getClass(), NAMES, CLOCK);
 		env.set("os", t);
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public class OsLib extends VarArgFunction {
 		try {
 			switch ( opcode ) {
 			case INIT: 
-				return init();
+				return init(args.arg1());
 			case CLOCK:
 				return valueOf(clock());
 			case DATE: {
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/PackageLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/PackageLib.java
index cdaa8b74..47f61689 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/PackageLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/PackageLib.java
@@ -105,18 +105,18 @@ public class PackageLib extends OneArgFunction {
 		instance = this;
 	}
 
-	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
-		env.set("require", new PkgLib1(env,"require",OP_REQUIRE,this));
+	public LuaValue call(LuaValue env) {
+		env.set("require", new PkgLib1("require",OP_REQUIRE,this));
 		env.set( "package", PACKAGE=tableOf( new LuaValue[] {
 				_LOADED,  LOADED=tableOf(),
 				_PRELOAD, tableOf(),
 				_PATH,    valueOf(DEFAULT_LUA_PATH),
-				_LOADLIB, new PkgLibV(env,"loadlib",OP_LOADLIB,this),
-				_SEARCHPATH,  new PkgLibV(env,"searchpath",OP_SEARCHPATH,this),
+				_LOADLIB, new PkgLibV("loadlib",OP_LOADLIB,this),
+				_SEARCHPATH,  new PkgLibV("searchpath",OP_SEARCHPATH,this),
 				_SEARCHERS, listOf(new LuaValue[] {
-						preload_searcher = new PkgLibV(env,"preload_searcher", OP_PRELOAD_SEARCHER,this),
-						lua_searcher     = new PkgLibV(env,"lua_searcher", OP_LUA_SEARCHER,this),
-						java_searcher    = new PkgLibV(env,"java_searcher", OP_JAVA_SEARCHER,this),
+						preload_searcher = new PkgLibV("preload_searcher",OP_PRELOAD_SEARCHER, this),
+						lua_searcher     = new PkgLibV("lua_searcher",OP_LUA_SEARCHER, this),
+						java_searcher    = new PkgLibV("java_searcher",OP_JAVA_SEARCHER, this),
 				}) }) );
 		LOADED.set("package", PACKAGE);
 		return env;
@@ -124,8 +124,7 @@ public class PackageLib extends OneArgFunction {
 
 	static final class PkgLib1 extends OneArgFunction {
 		PackageLib lib;
-		public PkgLib1(LuaValue env,String name, int opcode, PackageLib lib) {
-			this.env = env;
+		public PkgLib1(String name, int opcode, PackageLib lib) {
 			this.name = name;
 			this.opcode = opcode;
 			this.lib = lib;
@@ -141,8 +140,7 @@ public class PackageLib extends OneArgFunction {
 
 	static final class PkgLibV extends VarArgFunction {
 		PackageLib lib;
-		public PkgLibV(LuaValue env,String name, int opcode, PackageLib lib) {
-			this.env = env;
+		public PkgLibV(String name,int opcode, PackageLib lib) {
 			this.name = name;
 			this.opcode = opcode;
 			this.lib = lib;
@@ -286,7 +284,7 @@ public class PackageLib extends OneArgFunction {
 		LuaString filename = v.arg1().strvalue();
 
 		// Try to load the file.
-		v = BaseLib.loadFile(filename.tojstring(), "bt", LuaThread.getGlobals()); 
+		v = BaseLib.loadFile(filename.tojstring(), "bt", LuaValue._G); 
 		if ( v.arg1().isfunction() )
 			return LuaValue.varargsOf(v.arg1(), filename);
 		
@@ -340,7 +338,6 @@ public class PackageLib extends OneArgFunction {
 		try {
 			c = Class.forName(classname);
 			v = (LuaValue) c.newInstance();
-			v.setfenv(env);
 			return v;
 		} catch ( ClassNotFoundException  cnfe ) {
 			return valueOf("\n\tno class '"+classname+"'" );
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/StringLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/StringLib.java
index fa9aa05c..962e37fb 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/StringLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/StringLib.java
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public class StringLib extends OneArgFunction {
 	public StringLib() {
 	}
 
-	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
+	public LuaValue call(LuaValue env) {
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
 		bind(t, StringLib1.class, new String[] {
 			"dump", "len", "lower", "reverse", "upper", } );
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TableLib.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TableLib.java
index e5c92f75..372644f6 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TableLib.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TableLib.java
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class TableLib extends OneArgFunction {
 	public TableLib() {
 	}
 
-	private LuaTable init() {
+	private LuaTable init(LuaValue env) {
 		LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
 		bind(t, TableLib.class, new String[] { "getn", "maxn", }, 1 );
 		bind(t, TableLibV.class, new String[] {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public class TableLib extends OneArgFunction {
 	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
 		switch ( opcode ) {
 		case 0: // init library
-			return init();
+			return init(arg);
 		case 1:  // "getn" (table) -> number
 			return arg.checktable().getn();
 		case 2: // "maxn"  (table) -> number 
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ThreeArgFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ThreeArgFunction.java
index d958d726..9135c650 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ThreeArgFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ThreeArgFunction.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ abstract public class ThreeArgFunction extends LibFunction {
 	 * @param env The environment to apply during constructon.
 	 */
 	public ThreeArgFunction( LuaValue env ) {
-		this.env = env;
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot supply env to constructor");
 	}
 	
 	public final LuaValue call() {
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TwoArgFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TwoArgFunction.java
index b2c1b0c7..9b10069d 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TwoArgFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/TwoArgFunction.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ abstract public class TwoArgFunction extends LibFunction {
 	 * @param env The environment to apply during constructon.
 	 */
 	public TwoArgFunction( LuaValue env ) {
-		this.env = env;
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot supply env to constructor");
 	}
 	
 	public final LuaValue call() {
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/VarArgFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/VarArgFunction.java
index 9fb07af1..42c78f80 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/VarArgFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/VarArgFunction.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ abstract public class VarArgFunction extends LibFunction {
 	}
 	
 	public VarArgFunction( LuaValue env ) {
-		this.env = env;
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot supply env to constructor");
 	}
 	
 	public LuaValue call() {
@@ -71,30 +71,12 @@ abstract public class VarArgFunction extends LibFunction {
 	}
 
 	/** 
-	 * Override and implement for the best performance. 
+	 * Subclass responsibility. 
 	 * May not have expected behavior for tail calls. 
-	 * Should not be used if either:
-	 * - function needs to be used as a module
+	 * Should not be used if:
 	 * - function has a possibility of returning a TailcallVarargs
 	 * @param args the arguments to the function call.
 	 */
-	public Varargs invoke(Varargs args) {
-		LuaThread.CallStack cs = LuaThread.onCall(this);
-		try {
-			return this.onInvoke(args).eval();
-		} finally {
-			cs.onReturn();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Override to provide a call implementation that runs in an environment
-	 * that can participate in setfenv, and behaves as expected 
-	 * when returning TailcallVarargs. 
-	 * @param args the arguments to the function call.
-	 */
-	public Varargs onInvoke(Varargs args) {
-		return invoke(args);
-	}
+	abstract public Varargs invoke(Varargs args);
 	
 } 
diff --git a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ZeroArgFunction.java b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ZeroArgFunction.java
index 526d2fed..e0158c97 100644
--- a/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ZeroArgFunction.java
+++ b/src/core/org/luaj/vm2/lib/ZeroArgFunction.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ abstract public class ZeroArgFunction extends LibFunction {
 	 * @param env The environment to apply during constructon.
 	 */
 	public ZeroArgFunction( LuaValue env ) {
-		this.env = env;
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot supply env to constructor");
 	}
 	
 	public LuaValue call(LuaValue arg) {
diff --git a/src/jme/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jme/JmePlatform.java b/src/jme/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jme/JmePlatform.java
index 04e6482a..4612b54f 100644
--- a/src/jme/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jme/JmePlatform.java
+++ b/src/jme/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jme/JmePlatform.java
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ public class JmePlatform {
 	 */
 	public static LuaTable standardGlobals() {
 		LuaTable _G = new LuaTable();
+		LuaValue._G = _G;
 		_G.load(new BaseLib());
 		_G.load(new PackageLib());
 		_G.load(new OsLib());
@@ -109,7 +110,6 @@ public class JmePlatform {
 		_G.load(new StringLib());
 		_G.load(new CoroutineLib());
 		_G.load(new JmeIoLib());
-		LuaThread.setGlobals(_G);
 		LuaC.install();
 		return _G;		
 	}
diff --git a/src/jse/lua.java b/src/jse/lua.java
index 2e7b3f9a..a47b0c5f 100644
--- a/src/jse/lua.java
+++ b/src/jse/lua.java
@@ -186,7 +186,6 @@ public class lua {
 			try {
 				// load as java class
 				LuaValue v = (LuaValue) Class.forName(libname).newInstance(); 
-				v.setfenv(_G);
 				v.call(slibname, _G);
 			} catch ( Exception f ) {
 				throw new IOException("loadLibrary("+libname+") failed: "+e+","+f );
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/JsePlatform.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/JsePlatform.java
index 7008280e..b8c2591c 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/JsePlatform.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/JsePlatform.java
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ public class JsePlatform {
 	 */
 	public static LuaTable standardGlobals() {
 		LuaTable _G = new LuaTable();
+		LuaValue._G = _G;
 		_G.load(new JseBaseLib());
 		_G.load(new PackageLib());
 		_G.load(new TableLib());
@@ -96,7 +97,6 @@ public class JsePlatform {
 		_G.load(new JseIoLib());
 		_G.load(new JseOsLib());
 		_G.load(new LuajavaLib());
-		LuaThread.setGlobals(_G);
 		LuaC.install();
 		return _G;		
 	}
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/LuajavaLib.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/LuajavaLib.java
index 47de3792..9d523bfb 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/LuajavaLib.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lib/jse/LuajavaLib.java
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ public class LuajavaLib extends VarArgFunction {
 		try {
 			switch ( opcode ) {
 			case INIT: {
+				LuaValue env = args.arg1();
 				LuaTable t = new LuaTable();
 				bind( t, LuajavaLib.class, NAMES, BINDCLASS );
 				env.set("luajava", t);
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lua2java/Lua2Java.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lua2java/Lua2Java.java
index c3083a43..e1aca431 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lua2java/Lua2Java.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/lua2java/Lua2Java.java
@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ public class Lua2Java implements LuaCompiler {
 					Class clazz = cl.loadClass(className);
 					Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
 					LuaFunction value = (LuaFunction) instance;
-					value.setfenv( env );
 					return value;
 				} else {
 				}
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaLoader.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaLoader.java
index 7d911044..de94dccf 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaLoader.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaLoader.java
@@ -30,12 +30,9 @@ import org.luaj.vm2.Prototype;
 ******************************************************************************/
 public class JavaLoader extends ClassLoader {
 
-	private final LuaValue env;
-	
 	private Map<String,byte[]> unloaded = new HashMap<String,byte[]>();
 	
-	public JavaLoader( LuaValue env ) {
-		this.env = env;
+	public JavaLoader() {
 	}
 
 	public LuaFunction load( Prototype p, String classname, String filename ) {
@@ -49,10 +46,14 @@ public class JavaLoader extends ClassLoader {
 	}
 	
 	public LuaFunction load(String classname) {
+		return load(classname, LuaValue._G);
+	}
+	
+	public LuaFunction load(String classname, LuaValue env) {
 		try {
 			Class c = loadClass( classname );
 			LuaFunction v = (LuaFunction) c.newInstance();
-			v.setfenv(env);
+			v.initupvalue1(env);
 			return v;
 		} catch ( Exception e ) {
 			e.printStackTrace();
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/LuaJC.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/LuaJC.java
index bcf42e95..ef75a780 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/LuaJC.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/LuaJC.java
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public class LuaJC implements LuaCompiler {
 		Prototype p = LuaC.instance.compile(stream, name);
 		String classname = toStandardJavaClassName( name );
 		String luaname = toStandardLuaFileName( name );
-		JavaLoader loader = new JavaLoader(env);
+		JavaLoader loader = new JavaLoader();
 		return loader.load(p, classname, luaname);
 	}
 	
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/script/LuaScriptEngine.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/script/LuaScriptEngine.java
index 4b69305a..650a3f57 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/script/LuaScriptEngine.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/script/LuaScriptEngine.java
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public class LuaScriptEngine implements ScriptEngine, Compilable {
 	        Bindings b = context.getBindings(ScriptContext.ENGINE_SCOPE);
 	        LuaFunction f = newFunctionInstance();
 	        ClientBindings cb = new ClientBindings(b);
-	        f.setfenv(cb.env);
+	        f.initupvalue1(cb.env);
 			Varargs result = f.invoke(LuaValue.NONE);
 			cb.copyGlobalsToBindings();
 			return result;
diff --git a/test/java/org/luaj/luajc/TestLuaJC.java b/test/java/org/luaj/luajc/TestLuaJC.java
index 97113978..e6790e39 100644
--- a/test/java/org/luaj/luajc/TestLuaJC.java
+++ b/test/java/org/luaj/luajc/TestLuaJC.java
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class TestLuaJC {
 			} else {
 				chunk = (LuaValue) Class.forName("script").newInstance();
 			}
-			chunk.setfenv(_G);
+			//chunk.setfenv(_G);  // TODO: convert to setupvalue()? 
 	
 			// call with arguments
 			LuaValue[] vargs = new LuaValue[args.length];
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java
index 3b7c9d6e..72daa032 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java
@@ -71,18 +71,18 @@ public class FragmentsTest extends TestSuite {
 		public void runFragment( Varargs expected, String script ) {
 			try {
 				String name = getName();
-				LuaTable _G = org.luaj.vm2.lib.jse.JsePlatform.debugGlobals();
+				org.luaj.vm2.lib.jse.JsePlatform.debugGlobals();
 				InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(script.getBytes("UTF-8"));
 				LuaValue chunk ;
 				switch ( TEST_TYPE ) {
 				case TEST_TYPE_LUA2JAVA: 
-					chunk = Lua2Java.instance.load(is,name,_G);
+					chunk = Lua2Java.instance.load(is,name,LuaValue._G);
 					break;
 				case TEST_TYPE_LUAJC:
-					chunk = LuaJC.getInstance().load(is,name,_G);
+					chunk = LuaJC.getInstance().load(is,name,LuaValue._G);
 					break;
 				default:
-					chunk = LuaC.instance.load( is, name, _G );
+					chunk = LuaC.instance.load( is, name, LuaValue._G );
 					Print.print(((LuaClosure)chunk).p);
 					break;
 				}
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/LuaOperationsTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/LuaOperationsTest.java
index 7945fdc3..b1bca924 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/LuaOperationsTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/LuaOperationsTest.java
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ public class LuaOperationsTest extends TestCase {
 	private final LuaValue stringlong    = LuaValue.valueOf(samplestringlong);
 	private final LuaValue stringdouble  = LuaValue.valueOf(samplestringdouble);
 	private final LuaTable    table         = LuaValue.listOf( new LuaValue[] { LuaValue.valueOf("aaa"), LuaValue.valueOf("bbb") } );
-	private final LuaValue    somefunc      = new ZeroArgFunction(table) { public LuaValue call() { return NONE;}};
-	private final LuaThread   thread        = new LuaThread(somefunc,table);
-	private final Prototype   proto         = new Prototype();
+	private final LuaValue    somefunc      = new ZeroArgFunction() { public LuaValue call() { return NONE;}};
+	private final LuaThread   thread        = new LuaThread(somefunc);
+	private final Prototype   proto         = new Prototype(1);
 	private final LuaClosure  someclosure   = new LuaClosure(proto,table);
 	private final LuaUserdata userdataobj   = LuaValue.userdataOf(sampleobject);
 	private final LuaUserdata userdatacls   = LuaValue.userdataOf(sampledata);
@@ -127,55 +127,6 @@ public class LuaOperationsTest extends TestCase {
 		throwsLuaError( "length", userdataobj );
 		throwsLuaError( "length", userdatacls );
 	}
-	
-	public void testGetfenv() {
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", somenil );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", sometrue );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", somefalse );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", zero );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", intint );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", longdouble );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", doubledouble );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", stringstring );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", stringint );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", stringlong );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", stringdouble );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", table );
-		assertTrue( table == thread.getfenv() );
-		assertTrue( table == someclosure.getfenv() );
-		assertTrue( table == somefunc.getfenv() );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", userdataobj );
-		throwsLuaError( "getfenv", userdatacls );
-	}
-	
-	public void testSetfenv() {
-		LuaTable table2 = LuaValue.listOf( new LuaValue[] { 
-				LuaValue.valueOf("ccc"), 
-				LuaValue.valueOf("ddd") } );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", somenil, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", sometrue, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", somefalse, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", zero, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", intint, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", longdouble, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", doubledouble, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", stringstring, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", stringint, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", stringlong, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", stringdouble, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", table, table2 );
-		thread.setfenv(table2);
-		assertTrue( table2 == thread.getfenv() );
-		assertTrue( table == someclosure.getfenv() );
-		assertTrue( table == somefunc.getfenv() );
-		someclosure.setfenv(table2);
-		assertTrue( table2 == someclosure.getfenv() );
-		assertTrue( table == somefunc.getfenv() );
-		somefunc.setfenv(table2);
-		assertTrue( table2 == somefunc.getfenv() );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", userdataobj, table2 );
-		throwsLuaError( "setfenv", userdatacls, table2 );
-	}
 
 	public Prototype createPrototype( String script, String name ) {
 		try {
@@ -206,56 +157,20 @@ public class LuaOperationsTest extends TestCase {
 
 		// function tests
 		{
-			LuaFunction f = new ZeroArgFunction(_G) { public LuaValue call() { return env.get("a");}};
+			LuaFunction f = new ZeroArgFunction() { public LuaValue call() { return _G.get("a");}};
 			assertEquals( aaa, f.call() );
-			f.setfenv(newenv);
-			assertEquals( newenv, f.getfenv() );
-			assertEquals( eee, f.call() );
 		}
 		
 		// closure tests
 		{
 			Prototype p = createPrototype( "return a\n", "closuretester" );
 			LuaClosure c = new LuaClosure(p, _G);
+			
+			// Test that a clusure with a custom enviroment uses that environment.
 			assertEquals( aaa, c.call() );
-			c.setfenv(newenv);
-			assertEquals( newenv, c.getfenv() );
+			c = new LuaClosure(p, newenv);
+			assertEquals( newenv, c.upValues[0].getValue() );
 			assertEquals( eee, c.call() );
 		}
-
-		// thread tests, functions created in threads inherit the thread's environment initially
-		// those closures created not in any other function get the thread's enviroment
-		Prototype p2 = createPrototype( "return loadstring('return a')", "threadtester" );
-		{
-			LuaThread t = new LuaThread(new LuaClosure(p2,_G), _G);
-			Varargs v = t.resume(LuaValue.NONE);
-			assertEquals(LuaValue.TRUE, v.arg(1) );
-			LuaValue f = v.arg(2);
-			assertEquals( LuaValue.TFUNCTION, f.type() );
-			assertEquals( aaa, f.call() );
-			assertEquals( _G, f.getfenv() );
-		}
-		{
-			// change the thread environment after creation!
-			LuaThread t = new LuaThread(new LuaClosure(p2,_G), _G);
-			t.setfenv(newenv);
-			Varargs v = t.resume(LuaValue.NONE);
-			assertEquals(LuaValue.TRUE, v.arg(1) );
-			LuaValue f = v.arg(2);
-			assertEquals( LuaValue.TFUNCTION, f.type() );
-			assertEquals( eee, f.call() );
-			assertEquals( newenv, f.getfenv() );
-		}
-		{
-			// let the closure have a different environment from the thread
-			Prototype p3 = createPrototype( "return function() return a end", "envtester" );
-			LuaThread t = new LuaThread(new LuaClosure(p3,newenv), _G);
-			Varargs v = t.resume(LuaValue.NONE);
-			assertEquals(LuaValue.TRUE, v.arg(1) );
-			LuaValue f = v.arg(2);
-			assertEquals( LuaValue.TFUNCTION, f.type() );
-			assertEquals( eee, f.call() );
-			assertEquals( newenv, f.getfenv() );
-		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/MetatableTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/MetatableTest.java
index 42526011..a19f7408 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/MetatableTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/MetatableTest.java
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ public class MetatableTest extends TestCase {
 	private final LuaValue    string        = LuaValue.valueOf(samplestring);
 	private final LuaTable    table         = LuaValue.tableOf();
 	private final LuaFunction function      = new ZeroArgFunction() { public LuaValue call() { return NONE;}};
-	private final LuaThread   thread        = new LuaThread(function,table);
-	private final LuaClosure  closure       = new LuaClosure();
+	private final LuaThread   thread        = new LuaThread(function);
+	private final LuaClosure  closure       = new LuaClosure(new Prototype());
 	private final LuaUserdata userdata      = LuaValue.userdataOf(sampleobject);
 	private final LuaUserdata userdatamt    = LuaValue.userdataOf(sampledata,table);
 	
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/OrphanedThreadTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/OrphanedThreadTest.java
index ed8e67ab..12011428 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/OrphanedThreadTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/OrphanedThreadTest.java
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public class OrphanedThreadTest extends TestCase {
 	}
 
 	private void doTest(LuaValue status2, LuaValue value2) throws Exception {
-		luathread = new LuaThread(function, env);
+		luathread = new LuaThread(function);
 		luathr_ref = new WeakReference(luathread);
 		func_ref = new WeakReference(function);
 		assertNotNull(luathr_ref.get());		
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/ScriptDrivenTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/ScriptDrivenTest.java
index 6767c44f..b7e30260 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/ScriptDrivenTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/ScriptDrivenTest.java
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ public class ScriptDrivenTest extends TestCase {
 			case LUAJIT:
 				if ( nocompile ) {
 					LuaValue c = (LuaValue) Class.forName(name).newInstance();
-					c.setfenv(_G);
 					return c;
 				} else {
 					script = new FileInputStream(file);
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/TypeTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/TypeTest.java
index 206c568e..74bf2a3e 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/TypeTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/TypeTest.java
@@ -26,8 +26,12 @@ import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 import org.luaj.vm2.lib.ZeroArgFunction;
+import org.luaj.vm2.lib.jse.JsePlatform;
 
 public class TypeTest extends TestCase {
+	static {
+		JsePlatform.debugGlobals();
+	}
 	
 	private final int sampleint = 77;
 	private final long samplelong = 123400000000L;
@@ -52,8 +56,8 @@ public class TypeTest extends TestCase {
 	private final LuaValue stringdouble  = LuaValue.valueOf(samplestringdouble);
 	private final LuaTable    table         = LuaValue.tableOf();
 	private final LuaFunction somefunc      = new ZeroArgFunction() { public LuaValue call() { return NONE;}};
-	private final LuaThread   thread        = new LuaThread(somefunc,table);
-	private final LuaClosure  someclosure   = new LuaClosure();
+	private final LuaThread   thread        = new LuaThread(somefunc);
+	private final LuaClosure  someclosure   = new LuaClosure(new Prototype());
 	private final LuaUserdata userdataobj   = LuaValue.userdataOf(sampleobject);
 	private final LuaUserdata userdatacls   = LuaValue.userdataOf(sampledata);