diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/BasicBlock.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/BasicBlock.java
index 8339039e..130f7947 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/BasicBlock.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/BasicBlock.java
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  */
 package org.luaj.vm2.luajc;
 
-import java.util.Hashtable;
 import java.util.Vector;
 
 import org.luaj.vm2.Lua;
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ public class BasicBlock {
 	int pc0,pc1;        // range of program counter values for the block
 	BasicBlock[] prev;  // previous basic blocks (0-n of these)
 	BasicBlock[] next;  // next basic blocks (0, 1, or 2 of these)
+	boolean islive;     // true if this block is used
 	
 	public BasicBlock(Prototype p, int pc0) {
 		this.pc0 = this.pc1 = pc0;
@@ -150,36 +150,31 @@ public class BasicBlock {
 				visitor.visitBranch( i, i+1 );
 		}
 	}
-
-	public static BasicBlock[] sortDepthFirst(BasicBlock[] blocks) {
-		Vector list = new Vector();
-		Hashtable seen = new Hashtable();
-		Vector next = new Vector();
-		BasicBlock b0,b1,b[];
-
+	
+	public static BasicBlock[] findLiveBlocks(BasicBlock[] blocks) {
+		// add reachable blocks
+		Vector next = new Vector ();
 		next.addElement( blocks[0] );
-		seen.put( blocks[0], Boolean.TRUE );
-		while ( (b = toBasicBlockArray(next)) != null ) {
-			next.clear();
-			for ( int i=0; i<b.length; i++ ) {
-				list.addElement( b0 = b[i] );
-				for ( int k=0, n=b0.next!=null? b0.next.length: 0; k<n; k++ ) {
-					if ( seen.get( b1 = b0.next[k] ) == null ) {
-						seen.put( b1, Boolean.TRUE );
-						next.addElement( b1 );
-					}
-				}
+		while ( ! next.isEmpty() ) {
+			BasicBlock b = (BasicBlock) next.elementAt(0);
+			next.removeElementAt(0);
+			if ( ! b.islive ) {
+				b.islive = true;
+				for ( int i=0, n=b.next!=null? b.next.length: 0; i<n; i++ )
+					if ( ! b.next[i].islive )
+						next.addElement( b.next[i] );
 			}
 		}
-		return toBasicBlockArray(list);
-	}
-
-	private static BasicBlock[] toBasicBlockArray(Vector list) {
-		if ( list.size() <= 0 )
-			return null;
+		
+		// create list in natural order
+		Vector list = new Vector();
+		for ( int i=0; i<blocks.length; i=blocks[i].pc1+1 )
+			if ( blocks[i].islive )
+				list.addElement(blocks[i]);
+		
+		// convert to array
 		BasicBlock[] array = new BasicBlock[list.size()];
 		list.copyInto(array);
 		return array;
 	}
-
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaGen.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaGen.java
index 26ed355d..9d795031 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaGen.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/JavaGen.java
@@ -66,393 +66,375 @@ public class JavaGen {
 		Prototype p = pi.prototype;
 		int vresultbase = -1;
 		
-		for ( int pc=0, n=p.code.length; pc<n; pc++ ) {
-			
-			// skip dead blocks
-			BasicBlock b0 = pi.blocks[pc];
-			if ( b0.pc0>0 && b0.prev == null ) {
-				pc = b0.pc1;
-				continue;
+		for ( int bi=0; bi<pi.blocklist.length; bi++ ) {
+			BasicBlock b0 = pi.blocklist[bi];
+
+			// convert upvalues that are phi-variables
+			for ( int slot=0; slot<p.maxstacksize; slot++ ) {
+				int pc = b0.pc0;
+				boolean c = pi.isUpvalueCreate(pc, slot);
+				if ( c && pi.vars[slot][pc].isPhiVar() )
+					builder.convertToUpvalue(pc, slot);
 			}
 			
-			int pc0 = pc; // closure changes pc
-			int ins = p.code[pc];
-			final int o = Lua.GET_OPCODE(ins);
-			int a = Lua.GETARG_A(ins);
-			int b = Lua.GETARG_B(ins);
-			int bx = Lua.GETARG_Bx(ins);
-			int sbx = Lua.GETARG_sBx(ins);
-			int c = Lua.GETARG_C(ins);
-
-			switch ( o ) {	
-			case Lua.OP_GETUPVAL: /*	A B	R(A):= UpValue[B]				*/
-				builder.loadUpvalue( b );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-                break;
-                
-			case Lua.OP_SETUPVAL: /*	A B	UpValue[B]:= R(A)				*/
-				builder.storeUpvalue( pc, b, a );
-                break;
-                
-			case Lua.OP_NEWTABLE: /*	A B C	R(A):= {} (size = B,C)				*/
-				builder.newTable( b, c );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-                break;
-                
-			case Lua.OP_MOVE:/*	A B	R(A):= R(B)					*/
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
+			for ( int pc=b0.pc0; pc<=b0.pc1; pc++ ) {
 				
-			case Lua.OP_UNM: /*	A B	R(A):= -R(B)					*/
-			case Lua.OP_NOT: /*	A B	R(A):= not R(B)				*/
-			case Lua.OP_LEN: /*	A B	R(A):= length of R(B)				*/
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
-				builder.unaryop( o );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_LOADK:/*	A Bx	R(A):= Kst(Bx)					*/
-				builder.loadConstant( p.k[bx] );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_GETGLOBAL: /*	A Bx	R(A):= Gbl[Kst(Bx)]				*/
-				builder.loadEnv();
-				builder.loadConstant( p.k[bx] );
-				builder.getTable();
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_SETGLOBAL: /*	A Bx	Gbl[Kst(Bx)]:= R(A)				*/
-				builder.loadEnv();
-				builder.loadConstant( p.k[bx] );
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
-				builder.setTable();
-				break;
-
-			case Lua.OP_LOADNIL: /*	A B	R(A):= ...:= R(B):= nil			*/
-				builder.loadNil();
-				for ( ; a<=b; a++ ) {
-					if ( a < b ) 
-						builder.dup();
+				int pc0 = pc; // closure changes pc
+				int ins = p.code[pc];
+				final int o = Lua.GET_OPCODE(ins);
+				int a = Lua.GETARG_A(ins);
+				int b = Lua.GETARG_B(ins);
+				int bx = Lua.GETARG_Bx(ins);
+				int sbx = Lua.GETARG_sBx(ins);
+				int c = Lua.GETARG_C(ins);
+	
+				switch ( o ) {	
+				case Lua.OP_GETUPVAL: /*	A B	R(A):= UpValue[B]				*/
+					builder.loadUpvalue( b );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+	                break;
+	                
+				case Lua.OP_SETUPVAL: /*	A B	UpValue[B]:= R(A)				*/
+					builder.storeUpvalue( pc, b, a );
+	                break;
+	                
+				case Lua.OP_NEWTABLE: /*	A B C	R(A):= {} (size = B,C)				*/
+					builder.newTable( b, c );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+	                break;
+	                
+				case Lua.OP_MOVE:/*	A B	R(A):= R(B)					*/
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
 					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				}
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_GETTABLE: /*	A B C	R(A):= R(B)[RK(C)]				*/
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
-				builder.getTable();
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_SETTABLE: /*	A B C	R(A)[RK(B)]:= RK(C)				*/
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, b );
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
-				builder.setTable();
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_ADD: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) + RK(C)				*/
-			case Lua.OP_SUB: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) - RK(C)				*/
-			case Lua.OP_MUL: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) * RK(C)				*/
-			case Lua.OP_DIV: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) / RK(C)				*/
-			case Lua.OP_MOD: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) % RK(C)				*/
-			case Lua.OP_POW: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) ^ RK(C)				*/
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, b );
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
-				builder.binaryop( o );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_SELF: /*	A B C	R(A+1):= R(B): R(A):= R(B)[RK(C)]		*/
-				builder.loadLocal(pc,b);
-				builder.dup();
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a+1);
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
-				builder.getTable();
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_CONCAT: /*	A B C	R(A):= R(B).. ... ..R(C)			*/
-				builder.newBuffer();
-				while ( b<=c ) {
-					builder.loadLocal(pc, b++);
-					builder.appendBuffer();
-				}
-				builder.tostring();
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_LOADBOOL:/*	A B C	R(A):= (Bool)B: if (C) pc++			*/
-				builder.loadBoolean( b!=0 );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				if ( c!=0 ) 
-					builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_GOTO, pc+2);
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_JMP: /*	sBx	pc+=sBx					*/
-				builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_GOTO, pc+1+sbx);
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_EQ: /*	A B C	if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++		*/
-			case Lua.OP_LT: /*	A B C	if ((RK(B) <  RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++  		*/
-			case Lua.OP_LE: /*	A B C	if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++  		*/
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, b );
-				loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
-				builder.compareop(o);
-				builder.addBranch(pc, (a!=0? JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFEQ: JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE), pc+2);
-				break;
-
-			case Lua.OP_TEST: /*	A C	if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++			*/ 
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
-				builder.toBoolean();
-				builder.addBranch(pc, (c!=0? JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFEQ: JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE), pc+2);
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_TESTSET: /*	A B C	if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A):= R(B) else pc++	*/
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
-				builder.toBoolean();
-				builder.addBranch(pc, (c!=0? JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFEQ: JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE), pc+2);
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_CALL: /*	A B C	R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2):= R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
-
-				// load function
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
-				
-				// load args
-				int narg = b - 1;
-				switch ( narg ) {
-				case 0: case 1: case 2: case 3:
-					for ( int i=1; i<b; i++ )
-						builder.loadLocal(pc, a+i);
 					break;
-				default: // fixed arg count > 3
-					builder.newVarargs( pc, a+1, b-1 );
-					narg = -1;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_UNM: /*	A B	R(A):= -R(B)					*/
+				case Lua.OP_NOT: /*	A B	R(A):= not R(B)				*/
+				case Lua.OP_LEN: /*	A B	R(A):= length of R(B)				*/
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
+					builder.unaryop( o );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
 					break;
-				case -1: // prev vararg result
-					loadVarargResults( builder, pc, a+1, vresultbase );
-					narg = -1;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_LOADK:/*	A Bx	R(A):= Kst(Bx)					*/
+					builder.loadConstant( p.k[bx] );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
 					break;
-				}
-				
-				// call or invoke
-				boolean useinvoke = narg<0 || c<1 || c>2;
-				if ( useinvoke )
-					builder.invoke(narg);
-				else
-					builder.call(narg);
-				
-				// handle results
-				switch ( c ) {
-				case 1: 
-					builder.pop(); 
+					
+				case Lua.OP_GETGLOBAL: /*	A Bx	R(A):= Gbl[Kst(Bx)]				*/
+					builder.loadEnv();
+					builder.loadConstant( p.k[bx] );
+					builder.getTable();
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
 					break;
-				case 2:
-					if ( useinvoke ) 
-						builder.arg( 1 );
+					
+				case Lua.OP_SETGLOBAL: /*	A Bx	Gbl[Kst(Bx)]:= R(A)				*/
+					builder.loadEnv();
+					builder.loadConstant( p.k[bx] );
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
+					builder.setTable();
+					break;
+	
+				case Lua.OP_LOADNIL: /*	A B	R(A):= ...:= R(B):= nil			*/
+					builder.loadNil();
+					for ( ; a<=b; a++ ) {
+						if ( a < b ) 
+							builder.dup();
+						builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+					}
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_GETTABLE: /*	A B C	R(A):= R(B)[RK(C)]				*/
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
+					builder.getTable();
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_SETTABLE: /*	A B C	R(A)[RK(B)]:= RK(C)				*/
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, b );
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
+					builder.setTable();
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_ADD: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) + RK(C)				*/
+				case Lua.OP_SUB: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) - RK(C)				*/
+				case Lua.OP_MUL: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) * RK(C)				*/
+				case Lua.OP_DIV: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) / RK(C)				*/
+				case Lua.OP_MOD: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) % RK(C)				*/
+				case Lua.OP_POW: /*	A B C	R(A):= RK(B) ^ RK(C)				*/
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, b );
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
+					builder.binaryop( o );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_SELF: /*	A B C	R(A+1):= R(B): R(A):= R(B)[RK(C)]		*/
+					builder.loadLocal(pc,b);
+					builder.dup();
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a+1);
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
+					builder.getTable();
 					builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
 					break;
-				default: // fixed result count - unpack args
-					for ( int i=1; i<c; i++ ) {
-						if ( i+1 < c )
-							builder.dup();
-						builder.arg( i );
-						builder.storeLocal(pc, a+i-1);
+					
+				case Lua.OP_CONCAT: /*	A B C	R(A):= R(B).. ... ..R(C)			*/
+					builder.newBuffer();
+					while ( b<=c ) {
+						builder.loadLocal(pc, b++);
+						builder.appendBuffer();
+					}
+					builder.tostring();
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_LOADBOOL:/*	A B C	R(A):= (Bool)B: if (C) pc++			*/
+					builder.loadBoolean( b!=0 );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+					if ( c!=0 ) 
+						builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_GOTO, pc+2);
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_JMP: /*	sBx	pc+=sBx					*/
+					builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_GOTO, pc+1+sbx);
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_EQ: /*	A B C	if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++		*/
+				case Lua.OP_LT: /*	A B C	if ((RK(B) <  RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++  		*/
+				case Lua.OP_LE: /*	A B C	if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++  		*/
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, b );
+					loadLocalOrConstant( p, builder, pc, c );
+					builder.compareop(o);
+					builder.addBranch(pc, (a!=0? JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFEQ: JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE), pc+2);
+					break;
+	
+				case Lua.OP_TEST: /*	A C	if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++			*/ 
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
+					builder.toBoolean();
+					builder.addBranch(pc, (c!=0? JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFEQ: JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE), pc+2);
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_TESTSET: /*	A B C	if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A):= R(B) else pc++	*/
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
+					builder.toBoolean();
+					builder.addBranch(pc, (c!=0? JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFEQ: JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE), pc+2);
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, b );
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_CALL: /*	A B C	R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2):= R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+	
+					// load function
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
+					
+					// load args
+					int narg = b - 1;
+					switch ( narg ) {
+					case 0: case 1: case 2: case 3:
+						for ( int i=1; i<b; i++ )
+							builder.loadLocal(pc, a+i);
+						break;
+					default: // fixed arg count > 3
+						builder.newVarargs( pc, a+1, b-1 );
+						narg = -1;
+						break;
+					case -1: // prev vararg result
+						loadVarargResults( builder, pc, a+1, vresultbase );
+						narg = -1;
+						break;
+					}
+					
+					// call or invoke
+					boolean useinvoke = narg<0 || c<1 || c>2;
+					if ( useinvoke )
+						builder.invoke(narg);
+					else
+						builder.call(narg);
+					
+					// handle results
+					switch ( c ) {
+					case 1: 
+						builder.pop(); 
+						break;
+					case 2:
+						if ( useinvoke ) 
+							builder.arg( 1 );
+						builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
+						break;
+					default: // fixed result count - unpack args
+						for ( int i=1; i<c; i++ ) {
+							if ( i+1 < c )
+								builder.dup();
+							builder.arg( i );
+							builder.storeLocal(pc, a+i-1);
+						}
+						break;
+					case 0: // vararg result
+						vresultbase = a;
+						builder.storeVarresult();
+						break;
 					}
 					break;
-				case 0: // vararg result
-					vresultbase = a;
-					builder.storeVarresult();
-					break;
-				}
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_TAILCALL: /*	A B C	return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1))		*/
-				
-				// load function
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
-				
-				// load args
-				switch ( b ) {
-				case 1: 
-					builder.loadNone();
-					break;
-				case 2: 
-					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+1);
-					break;
-				default: // fixed arg count > 1
-					builder.newVarargs( pc, a+1, b-1 );
-					break;
-				case 0: // prev vararg result
-					loadVarargResults( builder, pc, a+1, vresultbase );
-					break;
-				}
-				builder.newTailcallVarargs();
-				builder.areturn();
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_RETURN: /*	A B	return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2)	(see note)	*/
-				if ( c == 1 ) {
-					builder.loadNone();
-				} else {
+					
+				case Lua.OP_TAILCALL: /*	A B C	return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1))		*/
+					
+					// load function
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
+					
+					// load args
 					switch ( b ) {
-					case 0: loadVarargResults( builder, pc, a, vresultbase ); break;
-					case 1: builder.loadNone(); break;
-					case 2: builder.loadLocal(pc, a); break;
-					default: builder.newVarargs(pc, a, b-1); break;
+					case 1: 
+						builder.loadNone();
+						break;
+					case 2: 
+						builder.loadLocal(pc, a+1);
+						break;
+					default: // fixed arg count > 1
+						builder.newVarargs( pc, a+1, b-1 );
+						break;
+					case 0: // prev vararg result
+						loadVarargResults( builder, pc, a+1, vresultbase );
+						break;
 					}
-				}
-				builder.areturn(); 
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_FORPREP: /*	A sBx	R(A)-=R(A+2): pc+=sBx				*/
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2);
-				builder.binaryop( Lua.OP_SUB );
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
-				builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_GOTO, pc+1+sbx);
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_FORLOOP: /*	A sBx	R(A)+=R(A+2): if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx: R(A+3)=R(A) }*/
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2);
-				builder.binaryop( Lua.OP_ADD );
-				builder.dup();
-				builder.dup();
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a+3);
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a+1); // limit
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2); // step
-				builder.testForLoop();
-				builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE, pc+1+sbx);
-				break;
-			
-			case Lua.OP_TFORLOOP: /*
-								 * A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C):= R(A)(R(A+1),
-								 * R(A+2)): if R(A+3) ~= nil then R(A+2)=R(A+3)
-								 * else pc++
-								 */
-				// v = stack[a].invoke(varargsOf(stack[a+1],stack[a+2]));
-				// if ( (o=v.arg1()).isnil() )
-				//	++pc;
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a+1);
-				builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2);
-				builder.invoke(2); // varresult on stack
-				builder.dup();
-				builder.storeVarresult();			
-				builder.arg( 1 );
-				builder.isNil();
-				builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE, pc+2);
-
-				// a[2] = a[3] = v[1], leave varargs on stack
-				builder.createUpvalues(pc, a+3, c);
-				builder.loadVarresult();
-				if (c>=2)
-					builder.dup();
-				builder.arg( 1 );
-				builder.dup();
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a+2);
-				builder.storeLocal(pc, a+3);
-				
-				// v[2]..v[c], use varargs from stack
-				for ( int j=2; j<=c; j++ ) {
-					if ( j<c )
-						builder.dup();
-					builder.arg( j );
-					builder.storeLocal(pc, a+2+j);
-				}
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_SETLIST: /*	A B C	R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i]:= R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B	*/
-				int index0 = (c-1)*Lua.LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1;
-				builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
-				if ( b == 0 ) {
-					int nstack = vresultbase - (a+1);
-					if ( nstack > 0 ) {
-						builder.setlistStack( pc, a+1, index0, nstack );
-						index0 += nstack;
-					}
-					builder.setlistVarargs( index0, vresultbase );
-				} else {
-					builder.setlistStack( pc, a+1, index0, b );
-					builder.pop();
-				}
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_CLOSE: /*	A 	close all variables in the stack up to (>=) R(A)*/
-				break;
-				
-			case Lua.OP_CLOSURE: /*	A Bx	R(A):= closure(KPROTO[Bx], R(A), ... ,R(A+n))	*/
-			{
-				/*
-				String protoname = closureName(classname, bx);
-				int nups = p.p[bx].nups;
-				for ( int k=1; k<=nups; ++k ) {
-					builder.dup();
-					int i = p.code[pc+k];
-					b = Lua.GETARG_B(i);
-					if ( (i&4) == 0 ) {
-						builder.closureInitUpvalueFromUpvalue( protoname, k-1, b );
+					builder.newTailcallVarargs();
+					builder.areturn();
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_RETURN: /*	A B	return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2)	(see note)	*/
+					if ( c == 1 ) {
+						builder.loadNone();
 					} else {
-						builder.closureInitUpvalueFromLocal( protoname, k-1, pc, b );
-					}
-				}
-				v[a][pc] = new VarInfo(a,pc);
-				for ( int k=1; k<=nups; ++k ) {
-					for ( int j=0; j<m; j++ )
-						v[j][pc+k] = v[j][pc];
-				}
-				pc += nups;
-/*/
-				
-				
-				Prototype newp = p.p[bx];
-				String protoname = closureName(classname, bx);
-				int nup = newp.nups;
-				builder.closureCreate( protoname );
-				if ( nup > 0 )
-					builder.dup();
-				builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
-				if ( nup > 0 ) {
-					for ( int up=0; up<nup; ++up ) {
-						if ( up+1 < nup )
-							builder.dup();
-						ins = p.code[pc+up+1];
-						b = Lua.GETARG_B(ins);
-						if ( (ins&4) != 0 ) {
-							builder.closureInitUpvalueFromUpvalue( protoname, up, b );
-						} else {
-							builder.closureInitUpvalueFromLocal( protoname, up, pc, b );
+						switch ( b ) {
+						case 0: loadVarargResults( builder, pc, a, vresultbase ); break;
+						case 1: builder.loadNone(); break;
+						case 2: builder.loadLocal(pc, a); break;
+						default: builder.newVarargs(pc, a, b-1); break;
 						}
 					}
-					pc += nup;
-				}
-				//*/
-				break;
-			}				
-			case Lua.OP_VARARG: /*	A B	R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-1) = vararg		*/
-				if ( b == 0 ) {
-					builder.loadVarargs();
-					builder.storeVarresult();
-					vresultbase = a;
-				} else {
-					for ( int i=1; i<b; ++a, ++i ) { 
-						builder.loadVarargs( i );
-						builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
+					builder.areturn(); 
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_FORPREP: /*	A sBx	R(A)-=R(A+2): pc+=sBx				*/
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2);
+					builder.binaryop( Lua.OP_SUB );
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
+					builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_GOTO, pc+1+sbx);
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_FORLOOP: /*	A sBx	R(A)+=R(A+2): if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx: R(A+3)=R(A) }*/
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2);
+					builder.binaryop( Lua.OP_ADD );
+					builder.dup();
+					builder.dup();
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a+3);
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+1); // limit
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2); // step
+					builder.testForLoop();
+					builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE, pc+1+sbx);
+					break;
+				
+				case Lua.OP_TFORLOOP: /*
+									 * A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C):= R(A)(R(A+1),
+									 * R(A+2)): if R(A+3) ~= nil then R(A+2)=R(A+3)
+									 * else pc++
+									 */
+					// v = stack[a].invoke(varargsOf(stack[a+1],stack[a+2]));
+					// if ( (o=v.arg1()).isnil() )
+					//	++pc;
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a);
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+1);
+					builder.loadLocal(pc, a+2);
+					builder.invoke(2); // varresult on stack
+					builder.dup();
+					builder.storeVarresult();			
+					builder.arg( 1 );
+					builder.isNil();
+					builder.addBranch(pc, JavaBuilder.BRANCH_IFNE, pc+2);
+	
+					// a[2] = a[3] = v[1], leave varargs on stack
+					builder.createUpvalues(pc, a+3, c);
+					builder.loadVarresult();
+					if (c>=2)
+						builder.dup();
+					builder.arg( 1 );
+					builder.dup();
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a+2);
+					builder.storeLocal(pc, a+3);
+					
+					// v[2]..v[c], use varargs from stack
+					for ( int j=2; j<=c; j++ ) {
+						if ( j<c )
+							builder.dup();
+						builder.arg( j );
+						builder.storeLocal(pc, a+2+j);
 					}
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_SETLIST: /*	A B C	R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i]:= R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B	*/
+					int index0 = (c-1)*Lua.LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1;
+					builder.loadLocal( pc, a );
+					if ( b == 0 ) {
+						int nstack = vresultbase - (a+1);
+						if ( nstack > 0 ) {
+							builder.setlistStack( pc, a+1, index0, nstack );
+							index0 += nstack;
+						}
+						builder.setlistVarargs( index0, vresultbase );
+					} else {
+						builder.setlistStack( pc, a+1, index0, b );
+						builder.pop();
+					}
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_CLOSE: /*	A 	close all variables in the stack up to (>=) R(A)*/
+					break;
+					
+				case Lua.OP_CLOSURE: /*	A Bx	R(A):= closure(KPROTO[Bx], R(A), ... ,R(A+n))	*/
+				{
+					Prototype newp = p.p[bx];
+					String protoname = closureName(classname, bx);
+					int nup = newp.nups;
+					builder.closureCreate( protoname );
+					if ( nup > 0 )
+						builder.dup();
+					builder.storeLocal( pc, a );
+					if ( nup > 0 ) {
+						for ( int up=0; up<nup; ++up ) {
+							if ( up+1 < nup )
+								builder.dup();
+							ins = p.code[pc+up+1];
+							b = Lua.GETARG_B(ins);
+							if ( (ins&4) != 0 ) {
+								builder.closureInitUpvalueFromUpvalue( protoname, up, b );
+							} else {
+								builder.closureInitUpvalueFromLocal( protoname, up, pc, b );
+							}
+						}
+						pc += nup;
+					}
+					break;
+				}				
+				case Lua.OP_VARARG: /*	A B	R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-1) = vararg		*/
+					if ( b == 0 ) {
+						builder.loadVarargs();
+						builder.storeVarresult();
+						vresultbase = a;
+					} else {
+						for ( int i=1; i<b; ++a, ++i ) { 
+							builder.loadVarargs( i );
+							builder.storeLocal(pc, a);
+						}
+					}
+					break;				
 				}
-				break;				
+				
+				// let builder process branch instructions
+				builder.onEndOfLuaInstruction( pc0 );
 			}
-			
-			// let builder process branch instructions
-			builder.onEndOfLuaInstruction( pc0 );
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/ProtoInfo.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/ProtoInfo.java
index 6d329389..c33c92d0 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/ProtoInfo.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/ProtoInfo.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 	public final VarInfo[][] vars;        // Each variable
 	public final UpvalInfo[] upvals;      // from outer scope
 	public final UpvalInfo[][] openups;   // per slot, upvalues allocated by this prototype
-
 	
 	public ProtoInfo(Prototype p, String name) {
 		this(p,name,null);
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 		
 		// find basic blocks
 		this.blocks = BasicBlock.findBasicBlocks(p);
-		this.blocklist = BasicBlock.sortDepthFirst(blocks);
-
+		this.blocklist = BasicBlock.findLiveBlocks(blocks);
 		
 		// params are inputs to first block
 		this.params = new VarInfo[p.maxstacksize];
@@ -65,8 +63,9 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 			sb.append( " up["+i+"]: "+upvals[i]+"\n" );
 		
 		// basic blocks
-		for ( int pc0=blocks[0].pc0; pc0<prototype.code.length; pc0=blocks[pc0].pc1+1 ) {
-			BasicBlock b = blocks[pc0];
+		for ( int i=0; i<blocklist.length; i++ ) {
+			BasicBlock b = blocklist[i];
+			int pc0 = b.pc0;
 			sb.append( "  block "+b.toString() );
 			appendOpenUps( sb, -1 );
 			
@@ -143,19 +142,18 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 						if ( v[slot][bp.pc1] == VarInfo.INVALID )
 							var = VarInfo.INVALID;
 					}
-					if ( var == null )
-						var = VarInfo.PHI(this, slot, b0.pc0);
 				}
+				if ( var == null )
+					var = VarInfo.PHI(this, slot, b0.pc0);
 				v[slot][b0.pc0] = var;
 			}
 
 			// process instructions for this basic block
 			for ( int pc=b0.pc0; pc<=b0.pc1; pc++ ) {
 			
-				// propogate previous for all but block boundaries
-				if ( pc>b0.pc0 )
-					for ( int j=0; j<m; j++ )
-						v[j][pc] = v[j][pc-1];
+				// propogate previous values except at block boundaries
+				if (  pc > b0.pc0 )
+					propogateVars( v, pc-1, pc );
 				
 				int a,b,c,nups;
 				int ins = prototype.code[pc];
@@ -322,10 +320,8 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 						}
 					}
 					v[a][pc] = new VarInfo(a,pc);
-					for ( int k=1; k<=nups; ++k ) {
-						for ( int j=0; j<m; j++ )
-							v[j][pc+k] = v[j][pc];
-					}
+					for ( int k=1; k<=nups; k++ )
+						propogateVars( v, pc, pc+k );
 					pc += nups;
 					break;
 				case Lua.OP_CLOSE: /*	A 	close all variables in the stack up to (>=) R(A)*/
@@ -369,11 +365,16 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 		return v;
 	}
 
+	private static void propogateVars(VarInfo[][] v, int pcfrom, int pcto) {
+		for ( int j=0, m=v.length; j<m; j++ )
+			v[j][pcto] = v[j][pcfrom];
+	}
+
 	private void replaceTrivialPhiVariables() {		
 		for ( int i=0; i<blocklist.length; i++ ) {
 			BasicBlock b0 = blocklist[i];
 			for ( int slot=0; slot<prototype.maxstacksize; slot++ ) {
-				VarInfo vold = vars[slot][b0.pc1];
+				VarInfo vold = vars[slot][b0.pc0];
 				VarInfo vnew = vold.resolvePhiVariableValues();
 				if ( vnew != null )
 					substituteVariable( slot, vold, vnew );
@@ -443,7 +444,7 @@ public class ProtoInfo {
 
 	public boolean isUpvalueRefer(int pc, int slot) {
 		// special case when both refer and assign in same instruction
-		if ( pc >= 0 && vars[slot][pc] != null && vars[slot][pc].pc == pc )
+		if ( pc > 0 && vars[slot][pc] != null && vars[slot][pc].pc == pc && vars[slot][pc-1] != null  )
 			pc -= 1;
 		VarInfo v = pc<0? params[slot]: vars[slot][pc];
 		return v != null && v.upvalue != null && v.upvalue.rw;
diff --git a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/VarInfo.java b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/VarInfo.java
index bc449cc1..c2263ab6 100644
--- a/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/VarInfo.java
+++ b/src/jse/org/luaj/vm2/luajc/VarInfo.java
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ public class VarInfo {
 		vars.add(this);
 	}
 
+	public boolean isPhiVar() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	private static final class PhiVarInfo extends VarInfo {
 		private final ProtoInfo pi;
 		VarInfo[] values;
@@ -72,6 +76,10 @@ public class VarInfo {
 			this.pi = pi;
 		}
 
+		public boolean isPhiVar() {
+			return true;
+		}
+
 		public String toString() {
 			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
 			sb.append( super.toString() );
@@ -108,6 +116,8 @@ public class VarInfo {
 
 		protected void collectUniqueValues(Set visitedBlocks, Set vars) {
 			BasicBlock b = pi.blocks[pc];
+			if ( pc == 0 )
+				vars.add(pi.params[slot]);
 			for (int i = 0, n = b.prev != null ? b.prev.length : 0; i < n; i++) {
 				BasicBlock bp = b.prev[i];
 				if (!visitedBlocks.contains(bp)) {
diff --git a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java
index 4611834b..13374083 100644
--- a/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java
+++ b/test/junit/org/luaj/vm2/FragmentsTest.java
@@ -501,5 +501,53 @@ public class FragmentsTest extends TestSuite {
 			        "    return c,b,a\n" +
 			        "end\n" );
 		}
+		
+		public void testPhiUpvalue() {
+			runFragment( LuaValue.valueOf(6), 
+					"local a = foo or 0\n"+
+					"local function b(c)\n"+
+					"	if c > a then a = c end\n" +
+					"	return a\n"+
+					"end\n" +
+					"b(6)\n" +
+					"return a\n" );
+		}
+		
+		public void testAssignReferUpvalues() {
+			runFragment( LuaValue.valueOf(123), 
+					"local entity = 234\n" +
+				    "local function c()\n" +
+					"    return entity\n" +
+					"end\n" +
+				    "entity = (a == b) and 123\n" +
+				    "if entity then\n" +
+				    "    return entity\n" +
+				    "end\n" );			
+		}
+		
+		public void testSimpleRepeatUntil() {
+			runFragment( LuaValue.valueOf(5), 
+					"local a\n"+
+					"local w\n"+
+					"repeat\n"+
+					"	a = w\n"+
+					"until not a\n" +
+					"return 5\n" );
+		}
+		
+		public void testTwoLoops() {
+			runFragment( LuaValue.valueOf("b"), 
+					"local env = {}\n" +
+					"for a,b in pairs(_G) do\n" +
+					"	c = function()\n" +
+					"		return b\n" +
+					"	end\n" +
+					"end\n" +
+					"local e = env\n" +
+					"local f = {a='b'}\n" +
+					"for k,v in pairs(f) do\n" +
+					"	return env[k] or v\n" +
+					"end\n");
+		}
 	}
 }